Matteo Ricci and China Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Matteo Ricci and China - Research Paper Example 1-50).1 The point of this exploration paper is to examine Matteo Ricci in China, why he came to China, what he finished during his stay in China, just as the effects he had on Chinese society during that time and in the present day. Why Matteo Ricci came to China The fundamental motivation behind why Matteo Ricci went to China includes the craving to spread the Christian gospel to China. As a keen and capable Jesuit, Ricci tried to lecture the Christian message in China. He entered China during the Ming tradition (1368-1644), denoting the start of what can be alluded as the third time of the historical backdrop of Christianity in China. Along with different Jesuits, Ricci expected to see the usage of the experiences of Alessandro Valignano, their Jesuit boss. So as to make China a Christian culture, he made endeavors to interface with both the standard individuals and the informed Chinese. The Christian principles that Ricci needed to spread in China essentially incorporated those of Catholicism (Fontana 2011, p. 1-50).1 Ricci additionally came to China with the point of storing up information, which he could spread to individuals in different pieces of the world. Of most extreme significance was his longing to spread Christianity to the Chinese societies, which had no earlier information on Christianity yet used to be severe adherents of different strict convictions. Consequently, his assurance to see Christianity spread in China can be named as the fundamental motivation behind why Matteo Ricci came to China (Brockey 22007, p. 10-250). What Matteo Ricci finished during his stay in China and his effect during that time up to cutting edge China Some of the achievements that Ricci made in China included lecturing and spreading Christianity to the vast majority of the pieces of China. His fundamental center included spreading Catholicism tenet, showing space science, geology, and arithmetic. During his stay in China, Ricci gathered maps of China and consolidated them with maps of the west to think of the guide of the whole world (Brockey 2007, p. 10-250).2 For the first run through, there came to be simply the Chinese Global guide, which Ricci gathered. His different commitments incorporated the presentation of geographic facilitate framework, just as western topography. The facilitate framework helped in the estimating of longitude and scope in maps, which prompted China. Ricci acquainted western human progress with the Chinese individuals; this development spread to different nations around China, for example, Japan (Hsia 2010, p. 30-120).3 His different achievements while in China included completing twenty works in Chinese. These compositions enveloped logical works, strict works, just as settlements; one of the most celebrated compositions that he did was the â€Å"True Doctrine of God.† Moreover, he added to the accumulating of the primary European-Chinese word reference and two Portuguese-Chinese word references. Ricci’ s achievements in China additionally enveloped deserting 2,500 Chinese Catholics at the hour of his passing; the vast majority of them incorporated the informed ones. His heritage additionally enveloped a Friendship Treatise, Mnemonic expressions treatise, just as an interpretation of Elements of Geometry in Chinese (Lehner 2011, p. 4-70).3 Ricci’s achievements while in China additionally incorporate works that involved drills and the interpretation of Chinese supplications. Also, Ricci was profoundly engaged with the sythesis of songs in the Chinese language, which assumed a significant job in his endeavors to spread the precepts and lessons of

Social Movements free essay sample

Quinton Johnston Managing in Social Change Social developments are a kind of gathering activity. They are a huge gathering of individuals that assemble to communicate their interests or suppositions fundamentally on a particular subject or thought. Social developments started during the 1800s. The term social developments was first presented in 1850 by Lorenz Von Stein who was a German Sociologist. He presented the term in his book named History of the French Social Movement from 1789 to the Present (1850). History specialists found that the individuals that will in general become engaged with developments are individuals that discover enthusiasm for the particular development. Benefactors that become engaged with developments will in general put resources into the possibility that is introduced by the pioneers and movers inside the development. There are a wide range of patrons, some that support the development monetarily, ethically, financially, and genuinely. The pioneers of social developments are people that have discovered a specific enthusiasm for an issue or concern and has verified that they need to achieve change through driving the development. We will compose a custom exposition test on Social Movements or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page These pioneers have explored approaches to address the specific issue/concern and they have introduced potential answers for a gathering of individuals who have comparative intrigue and the individuals who have built up a similar enthusiasm for tending to the issue to achieve change. Subsequent to introducing the potential arrangements, supporters, supporters and others will assemble with the pioneers to start the development. Supporters are individuals who show an impressive help for the individuals who have endured mishap. By and large, supporters will show the entirety of their help to the individuals from the social gathering since they would have experience difficulties in a similar region as the social movers or would have known somebody who has. Individuals that join a social development are individuals that have trust in the change that is proposed by the development. Individuals from the development would walk the lanes and direct social occasions and rallies to get others to join the thought and to commit to the development. The primary explanation behind this is on the grounds that the main way that social change can happen is by impacting others to have faith in the development. It is difficult to impact others to join a development for the most part since everybody has their own sentiment on social issues and not every person will acknowledge the possibility of social change with respect to the kind of issue. Social Movements are not generally fruitful because of this hypothesis. There are numerous social developments that have gone on for a considerable length of time and are continually battling for a social change. One of the principle social developments that is consistently to battle for their privileges is the Gay Marriage development. For quite a long time, the LGBT people group has battled for their privileges as US residents and just as of late got an overstep in law to support same sex marriage. This social development is still on the ascent to being affirmed in all states. As far as I can tell, I have been drawn nearer by a few developments to join or even give cash. For instance, the natural development moved toward me to advise me about current ecological issues and worries in the City of Chicago. I comprehended what the development spoke to and why individuals were so worried about the issue however actually, it didn’t intrigue me enough to give more than what I gave. One reason was most likely in light of the individual’s approach towards me and the subject of the issue. Rather than the Don’t Shoot, I need to Live Movement, I gave a decent gift to this gathering since I knew casualties of brutality and I have a more grounded energy for this development. Social developments are not generally effective. There are numerous purposes behind disappointment of social developments over the US. One of the primary reasons is because of the absence of consciousness of the subjects being tended to by the gathering. Another explanation may be the measure of time and energy that those included have in the development. A great deal of times, this influences the devotion to tending to issues of social development along these lines leaving them to be fruitless. Then again, there are numerous social developments that are and have been fruitful. The accomplishment of these developments was tended to like the bombed developments. Rather, these developments doubtlessly had a more profound and more grounded establishment and had a lot of individuals to join the development. The strategies of social developments can be trying as in not every social development are for positive change so accordingly the method of social developments can be trying as in not every social development are for positive change so in this manner the manner in which issues are tended to is harsher. A case of such development is the development to advance fear based oppression. This gathering centers around making better approaches for submitting fear monger follows up on nations and individual gatherings. There was a counter-fear mongering development that was begun to check the assaults of psychological militants.

Market Research Techniques Of Resmarket †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Qusetion: Examine about the Market Research Techniques Of Resmarket Pty. Answer: Presentation The selection of advance innovations will help ResMarket Pty in understanding the market in an effective way with the goal that the items and administrations of the organization can be showcased in a superior manner. The essential difficulties for the organization in the advanced world is to comprehend the flexibly chain in a superior manner with the goal that the organization can control themselves in winning better benefits. The utilization of innovation in promoting helps the organization in being multiplied in themarketing situations that are serious in nature. A large portion of the enterprises and divisions have demonstrated that because of the impact of globalization, the serious condition has expanded and with the assistance of advance advances, the examination of the market should be possible in a superior manner (Armstrong et al. 2015). Innovative showcasing The advances in the innovation in the inside and the outside conditions of the business has helped ResMarket Pty in sectioning the market in a proficient way with the goal that the objective market can be distinguished, which will help in selling of the items and the administrations. The administrators of the organization can investigate the difficulties and the dangers, which may prompt the disappointment of the items and recognizes the risks that might be available with the opposition from the opponent enterprises (Babin and Zikmund 2015). The development is done on a consistent way with the goal that it helps in improving the methodologies that are available in promoting, which thus will help in conveying better advantages and fulfillment to the clients. The utilization of the trend setting innovations will help in settling on better choices with the goal that the items can be effective in the market. The utilization of better advancements will help the organization in putting awa y the information in an effective way so they can have an intuitive meeting with the customers in regards to the items and administrations. By utilizing innovation, the organizations increment their degree of adaptability, which helps in pulling in the clients and react to their requests in a proficient manner (Johnston and Marshall 2016). Innovative systems for firms The utilization of electronic during the time spent showcasing helps in executing the advantages and fulfillment of the clients with the goal that it helps the organizations in understanding the requests in the market. The utilization of advances help the organizations in increasing an upper hand over different firms as for the full scale situations that are available in the commercial center. The utilization of these innovations helps the associations in being perceived on a worldwide premise, which will help them in drawing in worldwide customers too. The advances in the innovations have end up being proficient and compelling for the association during the time spent promoting because of numerous reasons (Ross 2016). Market division dependent on innovation The utilization of online business by the associations has helped ResMarket Pty in portioning the market with the goal that they can have a serious situation in the market. With the utilization of advancements by the associations, they can make a superior objective market so that themarketing blend can be participative and dynamic, as the criticisms from the clients will help in structuring the items in a superior way. The utilization of programming models that are geo-segment in nature will help the organization in examining and mapping the clients inside a specific commercial center with the goal that the items can be sold in a superior manner (Sekaran and Bougie 2016). This will support the organization, as they will get an opportunity of improving the involvement in regard to the client support. The utilization of the advances in innovation will help the associations in recognizing the particular objective markets that will be advantage from the items and administrations. E-special exercises in blend showcasing The special costs help the advertisers in understanding their exhibitions, which will help in dissecting the desires that will help in the advancement of the associations. The utilization of innovation helps in impacting the greater part of the systems of advertising, which are partitioned for the most part between the objectives and techniques of the organization alongside the projects and the activity designs that will be taken up the organization (Laudon and Laudon 2016). The utilization of the web helps in upgrading and coordinating the special blend dependent on which the organization will guarantee its endurance in the market. The effect of innovation will help in controlling and structuring the components in the advertising blend with the goal that it will be useful for the item at different phases of its life cycle. A case of this would be advancements and individual selling strategies for an item at the declining phase of the existence cycle so the deals of the item can be p ushed in a superior manner in the market. The utilization of innovation will help in expanding the intelligence of these specific items with the goal that the providers and the clients can without much of a stretch comprehend the business messages (Xiang, Magnini and Fesenmaier 2015). Statistical surveying driven by innovation The utilization of the advanced advances in the cutting edge world that is web helps in improving the assortment of data so the organization can profit through the exploration in a productive way. One of the most proficient research apparatuses for ResMarket Pty is to look at the website page of the contenders so the organization can increase an upper hand as for the items and administrations that are being offered by the opponent organization. The web based shopping entries permit the clients in review different items and administrations under various classifications with the goal that they can have a wide assortment of choices to browse the contributions of the organization (Strauss 2016). End Subsequently, it tends to be inferred that the utilization of mechanical advances makes a positive effect on the showcasing research procedures by the organization so they can advertise the items and administrations in a superior manner towards the clients. By proficient utilization of the innovations, the organization are likewise in a superior situation to increase upper hands, as they get the opportunity to audit the items and the administrations that are being offered by the adversary organization. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. what's more, Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: a presentation. Pearson Education. Babin, B.J. what's more, Zikmund, W.G., 2015.Exploring showcasing research. Cengage Learning. Johnston, M.W. what's more, Marshall, G.W., 2016.Sales power the board: Leadership, development, innovation. Routledge. Laudon, K.C. furthermore, Laudon, J.P., 2016.Management data framework. Pearson Education India. Ross, D.F., 2016.Introduction to e-flexibly chain the executives: drawing in innovation to assemble showcase winning business associations. CRC Press. Sekaran, U. also, Bougie, R., 2016.Research strategies for business: An expertise building approach. John Wiley Sons. Strauss, J., 2016.E-showcasing. Routledge. Xiang, Z., Magnini, V.P. what's more, Fesenmaier, D.R., 2015. Data innovation and customer conduct in movement and the travel industry: Insights from movement arranging utilizing the internet.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,22, pp.244-249.

McDonalds In Moscow Essays - Fast Food, Fast Food Restaurant

McDonalds in Moscow Portray in any event 5 American Marketing Techniques, used by Russians that you accept improved the efficiency of the undertaking . 1. McDonalds in Russia was a joint Canadian-Russian endeavor, in which the designated president was a Russian individual. It was done most importantly in light of the fact that Russian specialists know all the explicit parts of working together in Russia, and second of all so as to appear the open that Russians assume a significant job in this endeavor. 2. Moscow was picked for its good area and for being the capital-social focus of Russia, where individuals are progressively educated and instructed. 3. The opening of the first McDonalds in Russia was enormously publicized and advanced, not just by neighborhood media, yet in addition by the greatest national and world media. Numerous world correspondents were welcome to the excellent opening of McDonalds with the goal that they could show this occasion in an ideal manner to the organization. 4. At the fantastic opening vagrants and kids were served first and free. 5. Numerous high situated authorities from city what's more, national government, and different big names participated in the opening. 6. In spite of its remote having a place McDonalds acknowledged just national Russian money, Rubles. Question #2: Identify and depict at any rate 5 (five) impediments or issues on a corporate level, and how they were unraveled and survived. 1. Creation issues. There was no maker or maker in Russia who could produce items required for the business. One of the arrangements was to bring all the items from various nations, yet that would be excessively costly, so the the board chose to assemble an immense food preparing plant size of 3 football fields so as to deliver every single required item under one rooftop, rather than delivering it from elsewhere. 2. Absence of Trust. Around then (we are talking about the finish of Cold War) there was an extraordinary absence of trust among Russian and Canadian accomplices. That issue must be overwhelmed by setting up a decent and neighborly close to home connection between top administrators of the two sides. 3. Innovation issue. Regardless of its status as a Super-Power, Russia was a long ways behind US and Canada in innovative turn of events. All the gear for the eatery must be brought from outside of the nation, even the gear for the food handling plant. 4. Political issue. Few out of every odd Russian political pioneer would comprehend the opening of a delegate of not very far in the past hatedcapitalism framework in the core of Russia. The administration had work intently on the McDonalds' s picture in Russia. They needed to present their eatery not as a Free enterprise interloper, however as a business that will serve individuals' needs when they are in hustle. 5. No nearby chiefs. There were no nearby individuals who could meet all requirements for the supervisor's position, so McDonalds needed to recruit a couple Russian men and send them to Canada, where they would get familiar with all fundamental aptitudes. 6. Recruiting representatives. When McDonalds first declared its arrangements to employ new workers, they began accepting a huge number of utilizations consistently. They needed to discover, select and talk with heaps of individuals, so as to recruit most ideal applicants. 7. Unforgiving Russian Winter. As we as a whole know, winter in Russia can be freezing, so McDonalds Corp. needed to build up flexibly of elements for their items from the organizations, which don't rely upon climate conditions. Some of the provisions were delivered by nearby homesteads, and some must be imported.j 8. Communicational issues. Regardless of its size, Moskow didn't have any telephone directories, or on the other hand professional listings, this made it extremely difficult for organization to discover or find anything or anyone in capital of Russia. It was additionally difficult to set up great correspondence between McDonalds in Moskow and its officials in Canada. 9. Fixings issues. A portion of the fixings that McDonalds utilizes (, for example, potatoes) couldn't be delivered by neighborhood ranchers. Russian potatoes were to large in size, and couldn't be utilized to make a french fries. McDonalds needed to deliver potato seeds from Europe to duplicate them in Russia Question #3 Do you accept that McDonalds will prevail in a long haul in Moskow ? Answer: It has been ten a long time since McDonalds opened its eatery in Moskow, thus far it has demonstrated its capacity to do a gainful business in Russia. Be that as it may, I don't accept that McDonalds will prevail in Moscow in years to come. So as to demonstrate my perspective, I will give my 5 explanation . 1. After August 98 efficient emergency in Russia,

Michael Collins leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Michael Collins initiative - Assignment Example Michael Collin’s way to deal with driving the locale is task oriented.â This implies he organize and values the assignment or employment more than his relationship with his people.â In his visit to the district, the direction of his authority is uncovered where he thought less about the individuals and is more worry about errands related concern, for example, the length of administration, what they like about the organization, territories of progress and corporate culture.â what's more, Michael Collins additionally depicted himself as a Renaissance man who could do a great deal of things yet gets anxious with people.â I thought of Michael Collin’s initiative direction as undertaking focused on the grounds that he see the significance of occupation as far as undertakings and not of people.â  If Michael Collin is a people situated pioneer, he would have made the most of his visit and cooperation with his workers.â â He would have varied in his appraisal of his kin where he would discover the commitment increasingly productive when his kin believed him enough to share straight to the point data about the organization and their job.â He would have asked how his kin are feeling about their activity as well as with their colleagues and their boss.â I didn't think Michael Collins as individuals arranged pioneer since he didn't esteem a lot of their assessment and associated their motive.3. How may a comprehension with individualized authority be helpful to Collins as for his relationship with showcasing versus store personnel?â Individualized initiative is an authority whereby the pioneer has a solid relational relationship.

Moynihan, Daniel Patrick

Moynihan, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Daniel Patrick moi ´nihan? [key], 1927â€"2003, American sociologist and politician, b. Tulsa, Okla., grad. Tufts (B.A., 1948; M.A., 1949; Ph.D., 1961). Raised in a poor neighborhood of New York City, he became active in Democratic party politics in the 1950s. With Nathan Glazer he wrote Beyond the Melting Pot (1963), an influential study of American ethnicity. Under Presidents Kennedy and Johnson, he worked in the Dept. of Labor (1961â€"65), where he rose to the post of assistant secretary. In 1965 his office issued The Negro Family: The Case for National Action, commonly known as the Moynihan Report. Its conclusion that African-American urban poverty could be traced in part to a breakdown of family structure was at the time much criticized by civil-rights activists but is now generally regarded as an unusually prescient analysis. After teaching for several years at Harvard, Moynihan returned to government as a special adviser to President Nixon. He later served as am bassador to India (1973â€"75) and to the United Nations (1975â€"76). He was first elected to the U.S. Senate from New York as a Democrat in 1976 and was reelected three times. Although Moynihan's policy declarations in the 1960s and early 70s were among the most significant formulations of what was called neoliberalism or neoconservatism, in the Senate he was a consistent critic of the Reagan and Bush administrations, which enjoyed the support of many neoconservatives, and a strong supporter of Democratic presidents Carter and Clinton. He chaired the Senate finance committee from 1993 to 1995. He also had a lifelong interest in architecture and did much to retain, restore, and build important structures in New York City and Washington. Moynihan retired from the Senate in 2001; subsequently, he served on the faculty of the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse Univ. His many books include Family and Nation (1986), Came the Revolution (1988), On the Law o f Nations (1990), and Secrecy (1998). See S. R. Weisman, ed., Daniel Patrick Moynihan: A Portrait in Letters of an American Visionary (2010); biographies by D. Schoen (1979) and G. Hodgson (2000). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Proposed government legislation in the UK - 825 Words

Proposed government legislation in the UK (Essay Sample) Content: Name: Course: Tutor: Date: Proposed government legislation in the UK The recent census conducted in the UK presents a new form of analysis. The poll that was conducted in 2011 and results released in 2012 is the first to include the analysis of civil partnerships. In addition, the office for national statistics outlines that 8000 couples of the same sex now have children. Economists have come up with a proposition that seems to favor the economic impact of single parenthood. According to this analysis, there is a positive impact on the economy when more children are born in the single-parent family setting. We can examine the case where the UK government embarks on efforts to revive the two-parent family system. This presents a two-sided situation with regards to this proposed state legislation. Positive impacts of the legislation The efforts by the government will improve existing standards. Single parenthood is seen as a significant contribution to the rising poverty level in the UK. This means that the increase in two-parent family set up will enhance better living. Research shows that it is difficult for single parents to find jobs. Those who find jobs are forced to work overtime. An increase in two-parent families reduces pressure on the breadwinner. It is quite evident that economic strains decline when there are two people contributing towards the family. Two parents are in a better situation to offer a good life to their children compared to single parents. More government funding is required when the rate of individual families increases. This results to economic disparity since the government is under strain to support these families. Encouraging two-parent family systems will help save these resources. Less will be demanded to cater for children living with single parents, and these funds may be directed elsewhere. This is evident in Britain where about 1.1% of the country's GDP is directed towards supporting the single-parent families. Adverse impacts The tax system in the UK is in contradiction with the welfare system. This is because tax codes are based on every single person. When both parents are working, the tax burden becomes more since each of the parents solely meets the tax. On the other hand, the benefits are only shared per household but not per person. With increased interdependency, it is likely that neither of the parent's will is willing to work overtime. Shared responsibility between parents may lead to some form of relaxation. This negatively impacts on the aggregate economy since there will be a decline in production levels. Single parents will in most cases involve t...

Adoption Of Information Technology On Healthcare - 1103 Words

Adoption of Information Technology in Healthcare Anusha Rayapati National University Adoption of Information Technology in Healthcare This article explains the importance of adopting the Information Technology in healthcare industry. This article also discusses about the transformations that information technology can bring to the healthcare industry and potential cost effectiveness and safety benefits. I selected this article as information technology is very important in healthcare Purpose The purpose of this article is to estimate the benefits to the healthcare industry with the usage of information technology. Essentially this article evaluates the potential savings and costs with the adoption of electronic medical record (EMR)†¦show more content†¦Researchers Data and Methods The primary source of research data for quantifying the Health Information Technology of this article was from the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS). The researchers conducted a literature survey mainly on peer-reviewed for quantifying the savings from usage of Health Information Technology. The results from the survey is potential, because they exclude some saving, long term care cost and didn’t report the above mean values. For quantifying the cost adoption the researchers included overall cost of implementation cost, maintenance cost and provider downtime cost. This also includes the cost of Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) and Clinical Decision Support (CDS). The researchers used-â€Å"the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) 1999 Inpatient file, the American Hospital Association (AHA) 2000 Hospital Survey, and the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) 2000 National Inpatient Sample† (Health Affairs, 24, no.5, 2005) d ata for quantifying the cost of adoption. The researchers used the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data for estimating potential health benefits. IT’s effect on other industries The researchers compared the health care with other industries information technology’s effect. Some of the industries hotel industry invested heavily on IT during 1990s they didn’t get the results immediately. But the improvement has seen slowly. Similarly the adoption of IT in

The Lack Of Insufficient Sex Education For Teenagers

In society, the lack of insufficient sex education for teenagers is a major problem. This ongoing issue has led to the development of a bigger problem such as teen pregnancy, sexual transmitted infection, and emotional problems adolescence have to face when engaging in sexual activity at a young age. According to the Understanding Human Sexuality textbook (2010) sexuality education can occur in many settings such as at home or school, and in personal relationships or from information found on the internet. In this society kids are being introduced to sex at such an early age that it would be beneficial for them to learn about sex education earlier as well, that way they have a lower chance of contracting an STD/STI or having an unwanted†¦show more content†¦Adolescents reported feeling more comfortable talking to their peers when receiving information about sex because they feel it is easier to talk to someone their age and who has had recent experience about the issues they are having (L. Smylie et al., 2008). In certain schools, like in Canada, the school incorporates reproduction, sexuality, and sexual health in the curriculum for grades Five through Ten, but comprehensive sexuality education is left to each school board which can cause inconsistent information (L. Smylie et al., 2008). The majority of these primary schools are teaching the general about sexual orientation, for example describing the process of menstruation, identifying major parts of the reproductive systems, the ability to communicate with the opposite sex and emotionally changes of puberty (L. Smylie et al., 2008). In the secondary schools they have the same concepts as the primary schools but with a little more mature topic that would fit the grade level such as describing methods of preventing pregnancy, sexuality transmitted infections, and understanding the pressure to be sexually active (L. Smylie et al., 2008). Though the information they are covering is in-depth the incons istency shows that schools still have a while to go before sex education is consistent and effective across the board. Because of the inconsistencies at school there is still concerns on whether adolescents are protecting themselves againstShow MoreRelatedAbstinence-only vs. Abstinence-plus1607 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many problems facing teenagers these days. None are bigger than the issue of underage sex, and all the issues stemming from it. The number of teenagers becoming sexually active, pregnant, and contracting sexually transmitted diseases are rapidly on the rise. There is no simple fix, or easy solution to this problem. Sex education should begin at home, and extend to include an effective program in schools that reinforce a clear message of abstaining from sexual activity in addition toRead MoreShould Abstinence Only Sex Education?928 Words   |  4 Pagesgrade, I remember attending a sex education course. At the young impressionable age of fourteen, I listened quietly as the lecturer showed us grotesque pictures of sexually transmitted infections and warned us that abstinence was the only effective way to not get pregnant. At the end of lecture, everyone at the assembly was handed a little card that read, â€Å"Virginity Pledge† and we were all required to sign them. Looking back on this memory, I am appalled by the severe lack of scientific foundation ofRead MoreSex And Its Effects On Children1706 Words   |  7 Pagessomeone hears the word â€Å"sex†, or talks about sex, there is usually awkwardness that follows. Sex was a topic that is not supposed to be discussed publicly. Why is something so natural illegal to discuss or educate? Today, 1 in 4 teenagers acquire a sexually transmitted disease/infection. In 2015, 13,828 youth males were diagnosed with HIV. These statistics are so high because of the insufficient amount and the lack of information being taught to teens. With the media’s lack of discretion, teens areRead MoreQuestions On Sexuality And Sexual Health1770 Words   |  8 Pagesare things such as changes to what teena gers learn in school, and the expectation that they will be taught by educators and not by their parents. Teenagers now have more access to information about teen pregnancy and they can easily learn on their own about the range of options available to them, meaning they are more likely to educate themselves. From 1981 to now, there have been significant developments surrounding laws and policies pertaining to sex education, and there are also a lot of supportRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Essay1364 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many reasons why teens end up pregnant at such a young age. These reasons consist of family related problems, the lack of being taught about safe sex in school and by parents at home. Not being taught about condoms and birth control. Also lack of parental guidance and peer pressure from others mainly their peers. Schools should be teaching kids in a class about safe sex (health class). There are also many risks of teen pregnancy some of these risk are premature birth and malnutrition and that’sRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal Essay1666 Words   |  7 Pagesfor same-sex couples to marry in all 50 US states. Associate Justice Anthony Kennedy stated in the majority opinion: The court now holds that same-sex couples may exercise the fundamental right to marry. No longer may this liberty be denied to them. Marriage between same-sex couples continues to be a heated issue of debate in society today. Denying gay marriage affects gay and lesbian couples and lets people think that is acceptable to discriminate against them. Even though s ame-sex couples areRead MoreEvaluation Of Sex Education School On Teen Pregnancy Prevention3109 Words   |  13 Pages Research Proposal Evaluation of Sex Education in School on Teen Pregnancy Prevention Megan R. Fitzgerald PSY 290 – Research Methods Gayle Schwark, Ph.D. Arizona State University November 27, 2014 Abstract This study is proposed in order to evaluate the various types of school-based sex education programs and the effect that these specific programs have on teen pregnancy rates. The type of approaches for school-based sex education programs offered to the teenage participants will beRead MoreThe Effects Of Teen Pregnancy On Teenage Pregnancy1850 Words   |  8 PagesThis paper will focus on many great programs focus on preventing teen pregnancy. This paper will attempt to describe the research surrounding sex education, mostly abstinence education and the importance of contraceptive. The discussion surrounding sex education will focus not only on current research findings, but also on the truth of the research that has produced different and often conflicting results. Finally, this essay will discuss programs that focus on the role of boys and their importanceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Harvest 1796 Words   |  8 PagesHarvest depicts a black teenager, Angel who is socially discr iminated because of her race. In the story, Evans represents unequal treatment people often get based on race. This clearly gives the idea of ongoing racism in our society. Evans tries to make readers aware that such discrimination could be the root to even more problems. She implies that racial discrimination is not necessary and should be put to a halt. In the story, Angel is portrayed as a normal college student who is in need of moneyRead MoreEssay on The PPACA: Obesity and Teen Pregnancy Prevention Programs1106 Words   |  5 Pagespregnancy complications, many teenage mothers may require assistance with acquiring health insurance, childcare, and various other services. With the passing of the ACA, the Department of Health and Human Services in a partnership with the Secretary of Education established a Pregnancy Assistance Fund that distributes $25 million annually for the fiscal years 2010-2019 (Boonstra, 2010, p.11). In an attempt to make it easy for expectant mothers to be able to carry their pregnancies to term, this grant program

The Between The Prince And Han Fei Tz - 1817 Words

As an international student, sometimes it is really hard to connect the ethical theory of western philosophers with my background knowledge; however, when I first read about Niccolà ² Machiavelli’s thoughts, I immediately related his theory with what I had learned before I came to the United States. I find it really interesting to see that the Chinese philosopher Han Fei and the Italian philosopher Niccolà ² Machiavelli, who actually was born 1800 years later, could develop such similar ethical theories. To me, it is really significant to understand both western and eastern concepts. Therefore, in this essay, I will be comparing and contrasting the similarities and the unlikeness between The Prince and Han Fei Tz. Throughout the essay, my purpose is to analyze whether or not these two theories can be applied to the real world efficiently. To start with, I would like to introduce more about Han Fei, whose status in China is as important as Machiavelli’s in the western country. Before the Qin Dynasty, Confucianism was the mainstream and most of the people followed its rules of humanity. Han Fei, however, thought that Confucianism is too ideology and could be beguiling. He believed that selfishness and greed are the essences of human s characters, which means that between people, there is nothing but self-interest. Hence, Han further developed a complete opposite point of view, which is the doctrine of Legalism. The core of Legalism is the importance of the law; assuming that

183662258 Group 6 M A MellonBNY Case Pdf - 1545 Words

Mellon Financial And The Bank Of New York Case on Growth And Value Creation Presented to: Dr. Mayank Joshipura Submitted by Group 6 Ankit Gaurav Bansal Vaibhav Jha Shipra Jha Prachi Khaitan Akshat Pareek Raghvendra Raghao Piyush Upadhyay Contents Part 1: Estimation of Synergy Value.................................................................... 3 Question 1: What is the value of the cost savings synergies created by the deal? 3 Question 2: How much confidence do you have in your estimate of synergies?3 Question 3: Will synergy cash-flows allow the banks to increase their debt? . 4 Question 4: Under that terms of proposed deal, what fraction of the synergies will be captured by Mellon legacy shareholders? By BNY legacy shareholders?†¦show more content†¦By doing this we are ensuring that, 1. The cash flows are discounted at the rate at which they are going to be invested 2. The two entities have different betas, which mean we should use different WACCs for the cost savings from each of them. 3. For the onetime costs we do not have enough data to calculate the company wise expenses so, we discount it at a rate that seems reasonable. In this case which we have assumed to be the mean of the WACCs of the two entities. Question 3: Will synergy cash-flows allow the banks to increase their debt? Answer 3 Since, cost synergies will not change the book values of equities for the merged entity, but they will be transferred to the retained earnings which will increase the overall equity. An increase in the equity will leave some leeway for the debt which can be used to get additional debt. Question 4: Under that terms of proposed deal, what fraction of the synergies will be captured by Mellon legacy shareholders? By BNY legacy shareholders? (â€Å"Legacy† shareholders are the former shareholders of BNY or Mellon, after they become shareholders of the new company.) Answer 4 The calculation of the synergy captured by the Mellon Legacy shareholder has been shown in the attached excel sheet Group_6_MA_Mello nBNY_Calc.xlsx Synergy to Mellon shareholders Synergy to BNY shareholders 4949.50 8674.88 Part 2 - Accretion vs. Dilution of Earnings per share Question 5: Based on the last closing stock

The Limitless Effects of Immigration in the United States Free Essays

The effects that immigration has on the United States are limitless. There have been endless debates over these effects since as early as the colonial times. The economic, fiscal and demographic effects are three major topics that tend to rule these debates. We will write a custom essay sample on The Limitless Effects of Immigration in the United States or any similar topic only for you Order Now Based on both positive and negative effects immigration has on the economical, fiscal, and demographic sides of the United States, one can conclude that immigration is good, but should be limited. The effect of immigration on the economy is a major topic discussed among much of the nation. It is said to have both positive and negative effects that cancel each other out. Many agree that immigration brings a gain to the economy. James Smith gives an explanation of how the immigrants increase the economy, yet still may have negative effects for some people: At the most basic level, immigrants increase the supply of labor and help produce new goods and services. But since they are paid less than the total value of these new goods and services, domestic workers as a group must gain. On the production side, immigration allows domestic workers to be used more productively, specializing in producing goods at which they are relatively more efficient. Specialization in consumption also yields gain. Even when the economy as a whole gains, however, there may be losers as well as gainers among different groups of United States residents. (4) Some argue that while immigrants help the growth of the United States economy, the effect is very small. According to David Lagesse, a recent study says â€Å"immigrants contribute as much as $10 billion in economic growth each year, largely because they help keep prices lower. But the effect is small on a United States economy that produces nearly $8 trillion† (1). It has also been argued that the poverty rate of the United States has been negatively effected by immigration. Peter Brimelow agrees, saying, â€Å"because many immigrants are relatively unskilled, their poverty rate is significantly higher at 18 percent, compared to the 12. 1 percent poverty rate for the native-born† (11). Immigrant workers also play a role in the economy. There has been a debate within the last few years involving the computer industry and immigrants. Many companies feel that there are not enough skilled people in the United States to fill the demand for computer programmers. They also argue that these companies do not give Americans the chance to work in these positions, and are unwilling to retrain older programmers. They want only people trained with the latest computer skills, and look to foreigners to fill these demands. Roy Beck explains that â€Å"industry officials counter that American programmers often don†t have the specific skill needed for a new task and that companies like to be able to scout the whole world for somebody who can step right in and do the job† (141). Beck also argues that for other businesses, â€Å"the preference for foreign workers is no accident; they are looking for people who will work for less money and put up with worse working conditions† (142). Only in areas with high concentrations of low-skilled, low-paid immigrants are state and local taxpayers paying more on average to support the publicly funded services that these immigrants use† (Lagesse). While the immigration of workers does have its downside, it mainly has a positive effect: The benefits of immigration however are manifold. Immigrants are highly entrepreneurial. Their rate of business start-ups and self employment tend to be higher than that of United States born citizens. Immigrants contribute to the global competitiveness of US corporations, particularly in high technology industries. Perhaps the most important benefit is that immigrants come to the United States with critically needed talents, energies that serve as an engine for economic progress (Kposowa 78). The benefits and downfalls of the immigration workers both play a big part in today†s debate over immigration. It is clear that each side of the debate has both good and bad points. A second aspect of immigration that has been debated is the fiscal effect of immigration on the United States. The fiscal effects of immigration vary widely, causing it to be another no-win debate. According to Smith, the difference between taxes from households of immigrants, and the cost of government services for that household help measure the fiscal results of immigration (8). The fiscal impact is different at each level. Normally, the fiscal impact is positive at the federal level, and negative at the state level. Because the negative state impacts are concentrated in the few states that receive the majority of immigrants, some states experience fiscal burdens from immigrants (Smith 12). The age of the children of immigrants plays a role in the fiscal impacts of immigrant households. Households headed by immigrants include the native-born school-age children of immigrants, who incur high costs of public education, but do not include the native-born children of immigrants, who have a positive fiscal impact. For this reason, current fiscal impacts estimated for immigrant-headed households are biased towards negative numbers† (Smith 352). â€Å"The long-term fiscal contributions that immigrants make, however, will vary depending on such factors as education and age of arrival to the United States. Immigrants with higher levels of education will pay more taxes in the long term because they have higher incomes. But immigrants who don’t have high school educations and those who are age 50 or older on arrival may receive more benefits than they pay in taxes† (Lagesse). The fiscal impacts of immigration are obviously very dependent on several different factors, and hard to classify as either good or bad. The Demographics of the United States is a third point commonly discussed in the debate over immigration. With the continuation of immigration to the United States comes higher populations and changing of the percentage of different races within each city. This major change has caused major controversy within these cities. Immigrants are starting to settle in more and more states than before, and taking some towns by surprise. Some greet them with open arms, and welcome a new culture into their area. Others feel invaded and fight the sudden increase in population and race differences within their area. The sudden change in population within these cities has formed a need for bilingual teachers, policemen, and general servicemen (Bustos 1). While some see this as a threat, it can also be viewed as a positive step towards bringing down the boundaries between culture, race, and countries. One can see that limited immigration is good based on the good and bad results immigration has on the economical, fiscal, and demographic positions of the United States. The positive and negative effects that immigration in general and workers have on the economy cancel each other out. Many factors influence the United States† fiscal situation, including age, causing the federal fiscal level to generally be positive, while the state level is normally negative. The fact that so many factors influence the fiscal situation proves that one can never determine whether immigration has a good or bad effect on the United States. The increase in population caused by immigration is also causing both good and bad problems in the United States, causing some people to feel threatened, while others feel a sense of togetherness. Without immigration the United States would not be what it is today. Almost everything in life has both good and bad qualities, but with a little regulation and control they can turn out to be positive. Immigration is one of those instances in life where with a little regulation immigration can be a great push towards a better future. How to cite The Limitless Effects of Immigration in the United States, Papers

The Rich Man Essay Example For Students

The Rich Man Essay The Rich ManFranklin P. Adams is one of the less known American modern poets. His poems, like the poems of many other 20th century American poets, comment the society after the industrial revolution. Adams poem, The Rich Man, concentrates on the class division between the rich and the poor. Furthermore it satirizes the old view of an impecunious life being the good and the virtuous one. The two first stanzas of the poem are description about the rich man. The fact that he is called the rich man hints that the speaker him/herself is poor. The first stanza concentrates on describing the rich mans belongings. The first thing the reader finds out the rich man has is a motor-car, nowadays simply a car. In the beginning of the 20th century, when this poem was written, cars were very expensive and only the rich could afford them. His two houses, one in the country and one in the city, and the fact that he is smoking a cigar which costs as much as a good meal furthermore accentuate his richn ess. The second stanza concentrates on the ease of life the rich man is experiencing. He doesnt have to struggle or even work to stay alive (He frivols through the livelong day). He is described as someone who has been born rich and who hasnt had the displeasure of meeting Poverty. The third line of the second stanza seems to suggest that he is happy: His lot seems light, his heart seems gay. At the latest here starts the reader to suspect whether the rich man is really happy behind all his wealth. Is there possibly a shadow behind what only seems to be light and what seems to be gay? It reminds the reader of the old saying that money doesnt bring happiness. The reader might even remember John Bartletts words The love of money is the root of all evil. The third stanza continues to develop the theme of the possible darkness in the rich mans life. It begins with a rhetorical question asked by the poor man:Yet though my lamp burns low dim,Though I must slave for livelihood-Think you that I would change with him?The reader expects the answer to be no and followed with an explanation how the poor man is happy as he is and that money doesnt bring happiness. Wrong! The answer, You bet I would! declares a dramatic shift in the poem, which only the most prophetic reader could have anticipated. It throws Bartletts words right into the bin and brings in George Bernard Shaws response Lack of money is the root of all evil (Man and Superman, 1903). Money doesnt bring happiness but it is a great help or as Albert Camus said it Its a kind of spiritual snobbery that makes people think they can be happy without money. The Rich Man isnt a very technical poem. It is written in simple abab form and has little variation in the rhythm. On my opinion, the poet, Franklin P. Adams, has decided with the risk of sounding nave not to hide his thoughts behind complex techniques. But he does have some imagery and parallelism a casual reader could leave unnoticed. The two first stanzas both have a personified abstract thing Fate in the first and Poverty in the second. Fate is personified (in addition to writing it with a capital letter) when the rich man jeers at it. Povertys personification is done by referring to it as her and the fact that it has a pinch. These two personified things assert that the rich man is above all; Not even the mythical Fate or Poverty can get to him. .u0e6ff8912f66f4ee576016b5ff7029f6 , .u0e6ff8912f66f4ee576016b5ff7029f6 .postImageUrl , .u0e6ff8912f66f4ee576016b5ff7029f6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0e6ff8912f66f4ee576016b5ff7029f6 , .u0e6ff8912f66f4ee576016b5ff7029f6:hover , .u0e6ff8912f66f4ee576016b5ff7029f6:visited , .u0e6ff8912f66f4ee576016b5ff7029f6:active { border:0!important; } .u0e6ff8912f66f4ee576016b5ff7029f6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0e6ff8912f66f4ee576016b5ff7029f6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0e6ff8912f66f4ee576016b5ff7029f6:active , .u0e6ff8912f66f4ee576016b5ff7029f6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0e6ff8912f66f4ee576016b5ff7029f6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0e6ff8912f66f4ee576016b5ff7029f6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0e6ff8912f66f4ee576016b5ff7029f6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0e6ff8912f66f4ee576016b5ff7029f6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0e6ff8912f66f4ee576016b5ff7029f6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0e6ff8912f66f4ee576016b5ff7029f6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0e6ff8912f66f4ee576016b5ff7029f6 .u0e6ff8912f66f4ee576016b5ff7029f6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0e6ff8912f66f4ee576016b5ff7029f6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Personal Statement - A Look at My Life EssayThe second and the third stanza are connected by their contrasting imagery. The second stanza starts with a bright image of how the rich man frivols through the livelong day, whereas the third stanza starts with a rather dark image of how the poor mans lamp burns low and dim. The word frivols(5) also contrasts the word slave (10). One could even say that Adams used the word light on the seventh line to contrast the dark and the bright even more. In addition, the

The great gatspy Essay Example For Students

The great gatspy Essay Research Report: The Great GatsbyIn The Great Gatsby: A Criticism of American Society, author Ned Mack discusses how F. Scott Fitzgerald criticizes the American Society in the 1920s for its trend to waste, advertise, encourage superficial relationships, and an obsession with appearances. All four of these things are very evident in the novel, and Mack just breaks each of them down individually. Mack talks about how the Valley of Ashes is an example of people being wasteful in the 1920s. People in America use what they want and when they want and leave the remains or waste, you might call it, behind for the un-wealthy to clean up. The valley of ashes was once a flourishing town, but was used until it was no longer valuable and was thus abandoned. (qtd. In Mack) This is very true the rich people in the novel were by no means conservationist. They would not think twice about using things in excess and then discarding them how they please. Advertising plays a huge role in this novel. Mack says, The billboard in the Valley of Ashes is held above the rest of the town and represents society worshipping advertising (2). This is evident in the novel not only are business advertised but in a way people are always advertising themselves. By talking about their own business or even worse putting themselves on display and advertising themselves, but not as people, but more like objects and how wealthy they are. An example of this is when Mr. And Mrs. Mckee are at Myrtles party and the narrator Nick is talking about the Mckees and he says referring to Mrs. Mckee, She told me with pride her husband had photographed her a hundred and twenty-seven times since they had been married (qtd. In Mack) Subconsciously, Mrs. Mckee is advertising her husband and that he is a photographer. Mack goes on to talk about the American obsession with appearance that is shown throughout the novel. An example of this would be that Gatsby has a huge library filled with books that have never been opened. Gatsby is just trying to be someone that he is not in order to fit a certain image. Another character obsessed with her appearance and how people perceive her is Myrtle. At her party, she pretends that she has a kitchen full of servants who are waiting on herwhen in reality she doesnt. Mack says it nicely: She wants desperately to appear aristocratic and is invariably conscious of the fact that she is of a lower class (Mack 2). In this novel nobody ever really sees someone for who they are, but always for what they have. Mack calls this a disturbed image. The characters in the novel are always partying and having a good time. But there are never real relationships formed except for superficial ones. There is a flatness to the characters specifically at the parties which is a statement about the superficiality of relationships in American society in the 1920s (Mack 3). This statement is just backing up my fact that all the characters in the book are completely shallow and there is no point investing anytime in people like that. A true relationship will never work, because from the start people are being fake. Overall, Ned Mack states that F. Scott Fitzgerald criticizes the people of the twenties in The Great Gatsby, for a number of things. He says Americans have a tendency to waste just because they think they can. They are constantly advertising themselves and the type of lifestyle that they live. The characters in the book have a huge infatuation over their appearance and judge how others look. The biggest problem that all of these characters have is their inability to form real meaningful relationships with one another. I think that Ned Mack analyzed the book very well. I saw the novel from a different point of view than I had originally. .u8aa19391330e64d341d0643a54b55fed , .u8aa19391330e64d341d0643a54b55fed .postImageUrl , .u8aa19391330e64d341d0643a54b55fed .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8aa19391330e64d341d0643a54b55fed , .u8aa19391330e64d341d0643a54b55fed:hover , .u8aa19391330e64d341d0643a54b55fed:visited , .u8aa19391330e64d341d0643a54b55fed:active { border:0!important; } .u8aa19391330e64d341d0643a54b55fed .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8aa19391330e64d341d0643a54b55fed { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8aa19391330e64d341d0643a54b55fed:active , .u8aa19391330e64d341d0643a54b55fed:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8aa19391330e64d341d0643a54b55fed .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8aa19391330e64d341d0643a54b55fed .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8aa19391330e64d341d0643a54b55fed .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8aa19391330e64d341d0643a54b55fed .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8aa19391330e64d341d0643a54b55fed:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8aa19391330e64d341d0643a54b55fed .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8aa19391330e64d341d0643a54b55fed .u8aa19391330e64d341d0643a54b55fed-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8aa19391330e64d341d0643a54b55fed:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Christopher columbus EssayWorks Cited1.Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1925. 2.Mack, Ned. The Great Gatsby: A Criticism of American Society. www.http://members.cnx.net/bnix/gatsby.htm. Words/ Pages : 707 / 24

College Essay Help - How to Write Clear Essays

When it comes to essay writing, one essential part of a successful end result is focusing on the parts of an essay. Most essays have three parts: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. This general guide will help you write clear, concise, and informative essays that convey your message to the reader.The Three Parts of an EssayThe IntroductionThis part of an essay is the first presentation of your ideas. There are a number of elements you want to include in your introduction to encourage the reader to continue reading. First of all, youll need a hook to open your essay. This hook should entice the reader by hinting at the essay’s theme in a way that makes the reader want to read more. The hook can be funny, witty, or a simple hypothesis. Whatever style you choose, be sure it coincides with the overall theme of your essay.Here are some other things you want to accomplish in your introduction:Beyond the hook, you will want a successful thesis statement that you work int o your introduction to establish your main idea which will run throughout the essay.You want to use focused writing with a consistent tone and diction throughout the essay.You want to use any details that will help the reader identify the topic and the scope of the essay.But most of all, dont forget that hook. When you have a good hook in your introduction, you increase the chances that your essay will be effective. For some essay projects, evaluating the audience is important, but for others, it’s best to follow the general writing strategies you see in mainstream writing, periodicals, and professional literature.The BodyIn the body of your essay, you should develop the ideas that you presented in the introduction. Some people refer to this as fleshing out your ideas. It can be helpful to make a list of the ideas you want to present, along with any research to support those ideas. The body of your essay:Elaborates on points made in the introductionProvides background and det ails on topics mentionedGives your essay substance, using anecdotes, metaphor, symbolism, and other methodsThe ConclusionWhen you’re nearing the end of your essay, it’s time to put the finishing touches on it with a separate closing paragraph. The conclusion is where you bring together all of the elements you previously mentioned in the other sections. No, you don’t have to mention each one explicitly, but your conclusion should cover most of what you addressed in your essay, and make a good clean end to your narrative path. In a dramatic and powerful conclusion is where you want to spell out, in a bold manner, any ideas you’ve been hinting at throughout the essay.Just the Right WordIn addition to the construction of your essay, you also can improve it by looking at your word choices and transitions, or using the best words to move from one idea to the next in making your essay more readable. Varying your word choices keeps your copy fresh and holds the r eader’s attention. Above all, look for words or phrases that can be cut out of your essay to leave just the very best of what you have to say.

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buy custom Purdue Education essay I have a strong background in Physics and Mathematics; therefore, a major in Engineering is the best course for me. Choosing a major has been my concern since in the 9th grade. Since I was young, I have always had an interest in how things work. As I grew, I realized that I gradually became more interested in how systems, structures and all things work. In high school, I did exceptionally well in mathematics and physics. I, also, love solving mathematical problems. I got a Bronze medal in International Zhautikov Olympiad 2010 and silver in City Olympiads in physics (Astana) 2010, 2009. I would like to specialize in Power and Energy Devices and Systems. I understand that to be skillful and succeed in this career; I need to obtain a university education in a university that offers high quality education in this area of engineering. Education is an investment; the more one dedicates to it, the better reward it gives back. Therefore, doing a major in engineering in reputable school is the only way I will prosper in this career. I have taken quite some time to research on all options that are open to me. Purdue Education, from my research, is my best choice to transform me to what I should be. This is because Purdue Engineering School has a brilliant reputation and offers exceptional Electrical engineering courses. With its leading professors and well equipped laboratories; I am confident that Purdues curriculum and the hands-on experience with partnerships enhance the balance between theoretical works and real-world applications, which is a characteristic of the best school of engineering. I am confident that doing the major at Purdue will give me the skills I require for prosperity and research in my career in the future as an electrical engineer. Buy custom Purdue Education essay

The Canadian Fur Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Canadian Fur Trade - Essay Example Westward and northward exploration in what is now Canada was inextricably linked with the twin desiderata of a profitable fur trade and an easy passage through North America to the Pacific and thus to the rich trade of the Orient. Voyaging into the Hudson Bay region, British explorers failed to locate the easy passage to the South Sea but did discover an abundant fur resource. Similarly, the French, from their colonial base of New France in the St. Lawrence Valley, searched westward for a passage to China and discovered instead a potential fur trade that would dominate the economy of their North American colony. Just before the establishment of the Hudson's Bay Company by the British in 1670, the geographical information obtained by explorers searching for the Pacific was joined with economic data on the fur trade. "Two Frenchmen [Pierre Radisson and Sieur de Groseilliers] who have lived long in Canada & have been up in ye great lakes that lye in the midst of that part of America" informed English merchants that they had discovered a plentiful fur resource in the Great Lakes region; they added, "There is great hope of finding some passage through those Lakes into the South Sea."

See Attchments, prefer topics on Confucianism or Daoism Essay

See Attchments, prefer topics on Confucianism or Daoism - Essay Example However, it is important to mention that Daoism teachings were incorporated in various ancient and modern learning institutions. The ethical implications from Daoism lessons varied, depending on the nature of the learning institution but the basics behind the teachings were to ensure some sort of actions with regard to naturalness, simplicity and being spontaneous among other elements. One was expected to demonstrate good understanding of compassion, moderation as well humility. The training was meant to produce useful societal members who lived in harmony and respected one another in the society. Militants were also to incorporate such principles with their interactions with the civilians. Daoism was also meant to appreciate every society member and improve self-esteem. Daoism was a basic course or training that each society member should have despite the modern education. Daoism believes in physical exercises as a way of connecting to the Supreme Being. Believers are required to of fer their rituals and engage in physical exercises which eventually lift their souls and connect them with the Supreme Being. Physical trainings would also improve human beings’ health and increase their life span, hence immortality. The religion had a special formula of being immortal. The religious leaders would lead their subjects to exercise sessions; however, one was to undergo some social and psychological teachings before joining the exercise sessions. Daoism valued ethics, harmony and respect among other societal elements in the society. It was believed that other practices and rituals would only yield once one appreciated the essence of harmony in the society. Physical exercises were also meant to reduce the levels of social and psychological stress and depressions. The exercise involved controlled breathing and limb movements in a certain pattern. One would leave the training rooms stress free and motivated. Family members would always gather and go through the exer cise once or twice before the day ends. The exercise would also improve blood or circulatory system among the believers. There is no single report that records the difference brought by exercise among the believers but , it is a super nature concept that good exercise would always improve individual health. Historians believe the religion was founded by Laozi, whose believe was based on some five basic societal facts. Yin and Yang imply the positive and negative nature of human. It is represented by black and white. Black implies the entire negative societal of human aspects while white implies the positive issues in the society. Nature and ethics are another great consideration with the Daoism believers. Ethics is to ensure harmony and good relationships between the believers and the society at large. The religion requires its members to remain humble and respect every mankind. The element of nature applies to the fact that it requires all its members to respect nature, more so the ling organisms. Daoism does not encourage the killing of animals, domestic animals included. Daoism priests taught on the importance of being vegetarian as a way of conserving nature. The members would be taught how to attach their feelings and breathing pattern with those of the wild animals and create harmony. Since its introduction, Daoism has great influence on the ancient and modern Chinese culture. It became more famous after the literature of Laozi as well as Zhuangzi and some of the teachings were published in the famous

Skopos Theory of Translation

Skopos Theory of Translation 1. Introduction With the development of world economy and accelerating globalization, more and more companies have realized the significance of translating English trademarks. Trademark is a very special type of practical writing with high commercial value. The translation of English trademark names belongs to a kind of cultural communication with special purposes. A successful translation should be able to convey the current information of the commodity, attract the foreign consumers attention, stimulate their purchasing desire and promote their buying action. However, the traditional equivalence theory turns out to be increasingly inadequate and the rigid faithful translation will often produce negative effect. The Skopos theory has presented a new perspective to the study of trademark translation. With the guidance of this theory, the translator could use translation strategies flexibly to achieve the purpose of embodying the trademarks function. This thesis uses a lot of examples to put forward some techniques such as literal and free translation. And it also emphasizes that a translator should not only try his or her best to express the native connotation, but also keep in mind the adaptation to foreign culture. Only by doing so, can translation fulfill the purpose of the trademark? With increasing globalization of the world economy, more and more commodities spring up like mushrooms. As to win a superior place in an extremely competitive market, or a commodity, besides the high quality and a moderate price, its trademark name is also a vital factor. Billions of dollars are spent each year in efforts to make the public familiar with the name of the products which manufacturers are selling. Companies advertise by emphasizing the trademarks on television, radio, newspapers, magazines, etc. Customers can get a general idea or even the nature of the commodity. Those easy to read, understand and memorize can always stimulate customers purchasing desire and bring companies a great success and fortune from what they are striving as much as possible to sell. So a fine trademark name translation comes to play an important role in promoting the products and will earn more money than a common translation in the course of sales. Admittedly, translation is a very complex sub ject. By far, there have been many linguists who have carried on the research of equivalence theory-faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. But these standards, however, are not completely fit to the translation of a trademark name. The main reason is that each language has its unique linguistic features and versatile cultural backgrounds, customs and thinking patterns, there hardly exists absolute equivalence, especially in the case of Chinese and English, which are from two completely different language families. For example, the faithfulness may not be reached by using only several simple English words. There are also many outstanding linguists abroad doing research in this field. The Skopos theory, put forward in Ground-work for a General Theory of Translation (an article) by Reiss, Vermeer in 1984, emphasizes the functionality to achieve purpose of the target text in the target culture. Skopos theory was developed in Germany in the late 1970s, and which reflects a general shift from predominantly linguistic and rather formal translation theories to a more functionally and socioculturally oriented concept of translation. Skopos theory takes seriously factors which have always been stressed in action theory, and which were brought into sharp relief with the growing need in the latter half of the twentieth century for the translation of non-literary text types. In the translation of scientific and academic papers, instructions for use, tourist guides, contracts, etc, the contextual factors surrounding the translation cannot be ignored. These factors include the culture of the intended readers of the target text and of the client who has commissioned it, and, in particular, the function which the text is to perform in that culture for those readers. Skopos theory is directly oriented towards this function. Translation is viewed not as a process of transcending, but as a specific form of human action. Like any other human action, translation has a purpose, and the word skopos, derived from Greek, is used as the technical term for the purpose of a translation. Skopos must be defined before translation can begin; in highlighting skopos, the theory adopts a prospective attitude to translation, as opposed to the retrospective attitude adopted in theories which focus on prescriptions derived from the source text.(Baker, 2004: 235) In the article Reflections on Certain Methods of Translation based on functional concept of translation, Chen Xiaowei pointed out the concept has provided theoretical basis for some translation practices used to be considered against the existing criteria of translation methods, such as abridgment and adaptation(Chen X iaowei, 2000).Yang Xiaorong(2001) also called for more attention to contemporary translation theories such as functionalist approach to translation. She stated in her article Traditional and Modern Perspectives on Translation Criticism that by emphasizing the role played by the receptor, the translator and the cultural factors in the process of translation, functionalist approach is able to present a dynamic and multi-dimensional perspective on translation criticism. In this thesis, the background and development of this approach as well as its basic concepts are discussed in light of their applicability in advertisement translation. In terms of Skopos theory, translators are encouraged to make full use of all the sources of the source text and are entitled to choose whatever translation strategies he thinks appropriate to achieve the functions of the translation. That is what we call the end justifies the means. Li Yuxiang (2006), a researcher of Tongji University, stated in her pa per that brand name translators should not only be well aware of the linguistic and cultural differences between source language and target language, but also be quite knowledgeable about marketing, psychology and aesthetics as well as full of imagination and creativity. In the course of translation, the translator should pay attention to the adaptation to many aspects and should be highly imaginative. As such, the functionalist approach can offer a satisfactory explanation to the unconventional strategies applied in trademark translation, which the traditional equivalence-based theory fails to account for. The body of this thesis is divided into six parts. At the very beginning of the introduction, the thesis presents the background, rationale, objectives, methodology and the organization of the thesis. Chapter 1 introduces the description including definition, characteristics and functions of trademark. Chapter 2 studies the Skopos theory and more attention will be paid to three rules which are skopos rule, coherence rule and fidelity rule. Chapter 3 analyzes the guidance of Skopos theory in English trademark translation with the proof of some instances. Chapter 4 exerts many examples to work out some applicable English trademark translation strategies or approaches based on the Skopos theory. Chapter 5 comes to conclusions, which gives the main findings about this thesis, identifies limitations of the present study and makes suggestions for future research. 2. The introduction about trademark 2.1 The definition of trademark There are a lot of definitions about trademark. In Wikipedia, trademark means conventionally a distinctive sign of some kinds, whether that sign comprises a name, word, phrase, logo, symbol, design, picture, styling or a combination of one or more of these elements. A trademark is used by a business to identify itself and its products or services to consumers, and to set itself and its products or services apart from other businesses. A trademark is a type of intellectual property, and in particular, a type of industrial property. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (4th Ed) provides a definition like this: a special mark on a product to show that it is made by a particular producer; a thing that is typical of a person or company. A trademark is defined by law as any sign that distinguishes the goods or services of one undertaking from those of another. Most trademarks are words, names or logos but more fancy trademarks include shapes, sounds and even smells. So long as your trademarks are capable of graphic representation, they can be capable of protection. Taking into account of all these explanations, trademarks can be defined as this: they are any word, term, name, symbol, or device, or any combination thereof that are used in commerce as brand names, domain names, tag lines, slogans, non-functional and distinctive packaging and labeling designs, etc. to indicate the source of goods or services and differentiate the products or services from those of the other. That is to say, a trademark has the characteristics of describing the features of a commodity; making the commodity more distinctive; assisting the consumers to memorize the products; conforming to the images of commodity as well as company and arousing customers associations about beautiful things. 2.2 The functions of trademark 2.2.1 Origin Function A trademark helps to identify the source and those responsible for the products and services sold in the market as it includes the materialistic and abstract components of the product and reflect its marketing capabilities. Specifically, a trademark, the distinctive sign or indicator of some kind, used by an individual, business organization or another legal entity assists consumers to uniquely identify the source of its products or services, and to distinguish its products or services from those of other entities. So a trademark could guarantee the identity of the origin of marked goods or services offered to each consumer or end user by enabling the latter to distinguish, without any possibility of confusion, the origin of the goods or services in question. 2.2.2 Quality Function Consumers choose a particular trademark for its known quality. Trademarks have the functions of guaranteeing and improving the quality of products. Therefore, quality means the foundation of a trademarks reputation which convinces the consumers to buy that kind of commodity. The goods which are cheap in price and high in quality will meet the consumers objective needs and mental consumption, and establishing the good prestige for the trademark could win the consumers trust. Naturally, the market of products would be expanded and good economic returns for the enterprises would also be yielded. Once establishing the image in buyers mind, the manufacturers and sellers would do their utmost to ensure the quality, maintain the good faith of the well-known products so as to achieve obvious economic benefits. 2.2.3 Advertising Function Trademarks play an important role in advertising. A trademark enables consumers to choose goods and services with ease under the influence of continuous advertising. As shown in the above, a trademark is the symbol of a product, distinguishing the commodity from another and making them easier for consumers to memorize, which is a very important part of the advertisement of the product. A good trademark should be simple and memorable, so it can, to some degree, influence and arouse their desire to buy the product. It is not uncommon for a customer to refuse to buy a certain product merely because of his or her dislikes of the trademark. Besides, via the media, including radio, television, newspapers, magazines and the Internet, enterprisers give wide coverage to trademarks in order to deeply impress the consumers, stimulate their interests to buy their products, at last, fulfill the purpose to advertise the product and create an image in the mind of the ultimate purchaser. 2.2.4 Marketing and Economic Function A successful trademark can promote the international trade to attain the goals of boosting its market share. Served as the crucial tool to gain and dominate the market, trademark especially the famous one plays the significant role in opening up an outlet and occupying the global market. Now, with the development of international business, the higher reputation of a trademark means the better quality of the product. Even the same products have different prices because of different trademarks; of course, the profits brought by goods are also different. Thus, its clear that a well- recognized trademark has a better competitive power in markets. Established trademark is a valuable asset. A trademark indicates competition, for its function is to distinguish one product from another, meanwhile, it is created by use, and remains valid only as long as it is used. For many manufacturers, the trademark is what turns people into customers. Perhaps money has been invested in advertising, or people have learned of the business through word of mouth. But no company would want to see another company opened up with a similar name and people got confused. If that really happened, the former one might very well lose potential or existing customers to the new company. It is the common sense that a famous trademark, even in tough economic times, strongly influences purchasing behavior as consumers would make more careful decisions, and often revert to tried and trusted brands. Today the trademarks may be licensed or franchised. It can be concluded that the ultimate purpose of advertising is to persuade consumers to buy a certain product or service. The main functions in advertising at least include conveying information and persuasion. To describe it specifically, the basic functions of trademark are to present some information about goods, services or ideas to the public and influence and persuade people to make choices, at last to take some actions, especially to purchase the products. 3. Skopos theory 3.1 A brief introduction to Skopos theory Skopos is the Greek word for aim or purpose and was introduced into translation theory by Hans J. Vemeer as a technical term for the purpose of a translation and of the action of translating by Jeremy Munday. (Munday, 2001: 65) In Vermeers approach, every translation is directed at an intended audience, since to translate means to produce a text in a target setting for a target purpose and target addressees in target circumstances.(Nord, 2001: 12) According to Skopos theory, any form of translational action, including translation itself, may be assumed as an action which is intentional and purposeful, and the prime principle determining any translation process is the purpose (Skopos) of the overall translational action.(Nord, 2001: 27) Skopos theory queries the primitive theory that centers on original texts. It explains the action of translation from a brand new angle. Faced at aiming system, it is a descriptive and standard combined theory.(Zhang Nanfeng, 2004: 121). 3.2 The development of Skopos theory The functionalist translation theory was developed in the 1970s in German. The main contributions and the contributors are Katharina Reiss with her functionalist translation criticism; Hans J. Vermeers Skopos theory and its extensions; Justa Holz-Manttaris theory of translational action and Christiane Nord. They are all German scholars, so we call it German school of functionalism. (Nord, 1997:4) Early in 1971, in her book Possibilities and Limits of Translation Criticism, Reiss develops a model of translation criticism based on the functional relationship between source and target texts.(Nord, 1997:5)To her, TL text should be equivalent to SL text in terms of conceptual content, linguistic form and communicative function. So obviously, she still took equivalence as her basis. However, in real life she found that sometimes equivalence was not possible and not even desired in some cases, for example, when the target text is intended to achieve a purpose or function other than that of the original. In such situations, she thinks that the functional perspective takes precedence over the normal standards of equivalence. Then translation critic can no longer rely on features derived from source-text analysis but has to judge whether the target text is functional in terms of the translation context. (Nord, 1997:9) Then, Hans Vermeer made a breakthrough by putting forward his famous Skopos theory which is regarded as the landmark of functionalist approach to translation. Vermeer maintained that linguistics alone could not solve all the translation problems. Thus he put translation in a broader human context, embedding the theory of translation in a theory of human action or activity. He considers translation as a type of human action, which is an intentional, purposeful behavior that takes place in a given situation; it is part of the situation at the same time as it modifies the situation.(Nord, 1997:11)Thus Vermeer calls his theory Skopos theory. Actually, Skopos theory is the theory that applies the notion of Skopos to translation. Manttari goes one step further than Vermeer. She even avoids using the term translation in the strict sense. She prefers to speak of message transmitters, which consist of textual material combined with other media such as pictures, sounds and body movements. In her model, translation is defined as a complex action designed to achieve a particular purpose. The generic term for the phenomenon is translational action. The purpose of translational action is to transfer messages across culture and language barriers by means of message transmitters produced by experts. (Nord, 1997:13) Afterward, Nord summarized all these theories and made them more comprehensive by her book Translaitng As a Purposeful Activity-Functionalist Approaches Explained. 3.3 Three rules of the Skopos theory 3.3.1 The skopos rule In Vermeers skoposthorie, the top-ranking rule for translation is the Skopos rule. The term Skopos usually refers to the purpose of the target text. (Nord, 2001: 28) translational action is determined by its Skopos: that is the end justifies the means (Reiss and Vermeer 1984:101) Vermeer explains the Skopos rule in the following way: Each text is produced for a given purpose and should serve this purpose. The Skopos rule thus reads as follows: translate/interpret/speak/write in a way that enables your text/translation to function in the situation in which it is used and with the people who want to use it and precisely in the way they want it to function. (Nord, 2001: 29) Translation is normally done by assignment. A client needs a text for a particular purpose and calls upon the translator for a translation, thus acting as the initiator of the translation process. In an ideal case, the client would give as many details as possible about the purpose, explaining the addressees, time, place, occasion and medium of the intended communication and function and which the text is intended to have. The information would constitute an explicit translation brief which means translation commission or translation assignment. (Nord, 2001: 30) BMW was an acronym for Bayerishe Motoren Werke (the German famous auto companys name). It has no meaning but shows the place where the car come form. (Chen Dongcheng, 2008)The translation of à ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚ Ãƒ ©Ã‚ ©Ã‚ ¬ is known to many Chinese customers. Because B and M are pronounced like à ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚ Ãƒ ©Ã‚ ©Ã‚ ¬ in Chinese, which à ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚  means precious and à ©Ã‚ ©Ã‚ ¬ (horse) tells that it is an automobile as à ©Ã‚ ©Ã‚ ¬ is one means of transportations in ancient China. So it can reach the purpose of arousing the customers association of the swift horse and implies this kind of cars can go a long way with a high speed. 3.3.2 The coherence rule This rule emphasis that the translation must be adequately coherent to allow the intended users to comprehend it, and provide them assumed background knowledge and situational circumstances. What the translator can do, and what he should do, is to produce a text that is at least likely to be meaningful to target-culture receivers. In Vermeers terms the target text should conform to the standard of intratextual coherence (Reiss and Vermeer, 1984: 109). This means the receiver should be able to understand it; it should make sense in the communicative situation and culture in which it is received. A communicative interaction can only be regarded as successful if the receivers interpret it as being sufficiently coherent with their situation. Accordingly, another important rule of Skopos theory, the coherence rule, specifies that a translation should be acceptable in a sense that it is coherent with receivers situation. (Reiss and Vermeer, 1984: 113) Safeguard, a brand for soap and bathing lotion, means security and guardian. It is transliterated as à ¨Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ³. Here à ¨Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ means comfort, à ¨Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤ means skin and à ¤Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ³ means good quality. So this translation will leave the impression on people that this soap or lotion with good quality can bring comfort to the skin. Furthermore, Chinese people will have a basic conception about what kind of product it is and understand it very well when they first saw the translation. 3.3.3 The fidelity rule This rule touches upon the relationship between the source-text and target-text. Vermeer calls this relationship intertextual coherence or fidelity which is fidelity rule. (Reiss and Vermeer, 1984: 114) In Skopos theory, the source-text is not so crucial in the position of offering information especially in equivalence-based theories. Intertextual coherence should exist between source and target text, while the form it takes depends both on the translators interpretation of the source text and on the translation Skopos. (Nord, 2001: 32) The fidelity rule stresses that some relationship must remain between the target-text and source-text once the overriding principle of Skopos and the rule of coherence have been satisfied. Crown(the trademark of a car)is translated literally into Chineseà §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬  Ã‚   whether it is in English or in Chinese. Crown andà §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬  Ã‚  both represent the superior social status,. The Chinese version can well express that the car is in good condition, the style is grand and the quality is first-rate. It is faithful to its original meaning of the brand which is and will undoubtedly be accepted by the consumers in China just the same as in the original country. The three rules are organized based on their status. The fidelity rule is considered as the subordination to the coherence rule. Both of them are subordinate to the Skopos rule. Hence, the purpose of translation is the first concern for the translator. If the Skopos requires a change of function, the standard will no longer by intertextual coherence with the source text but adequacy or appropriateness with regard to the Skopos (Reiss and Vermeer, 1984: 139). 4. The guidance of Skopos theory in English trademark translation As the statement in the first chapter about the functions of trademark, the translation of English trademark should attract the consumers attention, raise their interest, stimulate their desire, improve their memory and promote their action. The Skopos theory believes that the translating purpose decides the translating strategies and methods. As the translation of English trademark names is a project which has particular purposes, the Skopos theory is very suitable to the translation of English trademark names. 4.1 The Purpose of Embodying Characters of Commodity The translation of an English trademark should endeavor to provide as much as information about the commodity for consumers. The translation should transmit the commoditys positive information to attract the consumers attention and raise their interest. Take Rejoice for example, it is translated to beà ©Ã‚ £Ã‹Å"à ¦Ã… ¸Ã¢â‚¬ in Chinese. The translation has pretty well expressed the information of the goods. From the name, consumers can get the information that the commodity may be something about flowing locks or gentle and smooth hair, because à ©Ã‚ £Ã‹Å"and à ¦Ã… ¸Ã¢â‚¬ often have been used to describe the feature of hair. So the consumers attention will be attracted by the goods immediately when they see the name. Surely enough, their interest is aroused and they will be willing to see some more elaborate information about the goods. So the translation of an English trademark should express information to demonstrate the characters of a commodity. 4.2 The Purpose of Identifying Commodity We know that one commodity has its distinctive character. A good trademark should represent the commodity and shows its uniqueness. If a name is distinctive enough to catch the consumers attention, it has been endowed with the discerning function. Then in a consumers memory, this distinctive name will be the most deep-going one. Of course, the purchasing action could be stimulated. For instance, two commodities both have the same English trademark called Liberty. Actually, one product is a sportswear and the other is a carpet. In China, the former one is à ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ ªÃƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚ ± and the latter one is à ¥Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ©Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã…“ °. à ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ ªÃƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚ ± means free and it can arouse the feelings of leisure and casualness which accord with the style of the cloth. à ¥Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ©Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã…“ ° conveys that this kind of carpet is good to protect the consumers precious plot. Besides, à ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã…“ ° is the propitious word popular with Chinese customers. 4.3 The Purpose of Stimulating Consumers Purchasing Desire All the advertising campaign of a commodity is advancing towards to one destination to move the consumers to buy the products. The trademark as a means of publicizing ways, its translation should serve the purpose, too. Carrefour is a foreign invested supermarket in China. Its Chinese version of à ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ , tells us each family can enjoy happiness and pleasure in this supermarket. When seeing this name, they may go it and buy something there. This translation, making use of consumers purchasing psychology, has successfully appealed to consumers and has cleverly stimulated their purchasing desire. Therefore, the translation of a trademark should be able to stimulate consumers buying desire. 4.4 The purpose of adaption to the customers culture The famous British anthropologist E. B. Taylor (1871) defines culture as a complex whole that includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs and other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.(Danesi Perron, 1999: 3) because trademark, obviously is part of the culture, so its translation, to a great extent, is influenced by culture. Foreign commodities trademarks inevitably contain different cultural characteristics. When they enter the Chinese market, they will mainly face Chinese consumers. Whether they can win the market share and the favor of Chinese customers depends greatly on their translation. Even they enjoy global fame, it will still be difficult for Chinese consumers to accept if they dont have impressive translations into Chinese. A good translation will have enormous impact, though invisible, on consumers mentality. (Bao Huinan, 2001: 281) For truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualism, since words o nly have meanings in terms of cultures in which they function. (Nida, 1993: 110) hence, to contribute to the function of trademark, the translation must fulfill the purpose to go with the culture of customers. Dragon means devil in western culture, while in Chinese culture, dragon(à ©Ã‚ ¾Ã¢â€ž ¢) is the symbol of power and heavenliness is something sacred and has been referred to as the ancestor of the Chinese nation, so Chinese people have a special preference for this animal which does not exist. Citroen, a French-made car brand, is translated into à ©Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ªÃƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬Å" Ãƒ ©Ã‚ ¾Ã¢â€ž ¢ to adapt the customers culture in target market. 5. Translation strategies based on Skopos theory Skopos theory considers translation as a complicated interactive behavior. The aim of translation is often determined after counsel between client and translator. It is the initiator or its agent who makes differences. They give explanation of time, place, situation, intermediary, aim as well as readers and function of translation. According to the specific translation requirement such as the writers interactive intention and expectation of the translated texts, as well as social knowledge background, interactive need of readers, etc. translator can determine any translating tactics, and does not have to care about the equality of translated text to the original text, for which would weaken the translated texts interactive function in the environment of target language. Therefore, with the guide of translation purpose, the translator can consider the relative factors comprehensively and then decide the most suitable method. Approaches can be adopted by translators if it can realize t he expected purpose well. The translator can change properly according to the connotation meaning of a trademark name. If it is transformed appropriately, it can be full of wit and humor. The consumers will certainly be attracted by such kind of a trademark names. So the realistic standard of trademark translation is whether it is recognized and accepted by consumers who would buy the products finally. Therefore, based on the Skopos theory, translation strategies are not restricted. According to the contents mentioned above, we can emphasize that the purpose changes with the consumer varies. (Wang Jianhui, Hu Dongping, 2007) Translators can take any appropriate tactics in order to achieve different goals. (Yin Xiaohong, 2006:171) As discussed above, the successful translation of brand names refers to lots of factors. Among them the most important is the flexible employment of translation methods in practice. In this part, the author will focus on two main methods, the most common and practical used strategies, in brand name translation. They are literal translation and free translation. 5.1 Literal translation The so-called literal translation in this paper is equivalent to Newmarks semantic translation, which attempts to render, as closely as the semantic and syntactic structure of the second language allow, the exact contextual meaning of the original.(Newmark, 1988: 39). Literal translation involves translating meanings literally, keeping both the original form and the original sense. It is the primary way of trademark translation. It can better convey the original information of the product, indicate the authors original wish, and can keep the conformity with the brand designs. There are many popular trademarks translated in this way around us. Although it is not feasible for every one to be translated literally, literal translation is still put to use by translators. The translation of an electronic appliance brand, Pioneer intoà ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‹â€ Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬ ¹can convey to the customers the message that it is the pioneer of the electronic appliance industry. Microsoft, the American software giant company, also adopts literal translation to register its Chinese brand. Translating Micro as à ¥Ã‚ ¾Ã‚ ® and soft as à ¨Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¯ successfully transmit the implied meaning: a basic, tiny and delicate software. Mr. Juicy was translated as à ¦Ã… ¾Ã…“à ¦Ã‚ ±Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‹â€ Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ Ã… ¸, can give customers a very clear idea that it is a fruit juice brand while at the same time it forms a cartoon image in peoples mind. 5.2 Free translation The free translation is also one of the most important techniques in the course of translating Chinese trademark names. We knew that literal translation would not achieve a perfect trademark translation all the time. Free translation is more complex and flexible. Free translation mostly could avoid the rigid feeling, comparing with mechanical transliteration. In fact, it is the translators imagination that is making an important impa